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Cleaning and facilities

PPM schedules: what they have to hold, and when a spreadsheet stops coping

A planned maintenance schedule is not a list of dates. Each task carries an asset, an interval with a reason behind it, a competence requirement, an evidence output and an escalation route, and a spreadsheet holds only the first two.

Last checked 20 September 2026

Five things per task, not one #

Every line on a PPM schedule carries more than a date, and the missing parts are what turn a well run schedule into an audit problem three years later.

  • The asset and its location

    Building, floor, room, plus an identifier that survives somebody renaming the site in a different system.

  • The interval, and why

    A legal requirement, a manufacturer's recommendation, a risk assessment, or a habit. These are not the same and they defend differently.

  • Who is competent to do it

    Some of these tasks can only be signed off by a specific competence, and the schedule usually does not know that.

  • What evidence the task produces

    A certificate, a report, a reading, a photograph. Evidence you cannot retrieve is evidence you do not have.

  • What happens when it fails

    Who is told, how fast, and what is done in the meantime.

Which intervals are fixed, and which are yours #

This is the distinction most schedules blur, and it matters because it decides what you can defer when a month gets difficult.

AreaWhat the published position is
Lifting equipment used to lift people, and lifting accessoriesThorough examination every 6 months under LOLER
Other lifting equipmentThorough examination every 12 months under LOLER
Either, under an examination schemeIntervals set by a competent person, with a longer period based on a rigorous assessment of the risks
Asbestos management planReviewed every 12 months, or sooner if necessary, with a record of the location and condition of asbestos containing materials kept up to date
Electrical equipmentMust be maintained in a safe condition. No legal requirement for annual testing; frequency follows the equipment and its environment
Fire safetyThe responsible person must carry out a fire risk assessment and review it regularly, and maintain appropriate fire safety measures
Water systems and legionellaIdentify and assess sources of risk, prepare a scheme, implement and monitor precautions, keep records, and appoint a responsible person, per ACOP L8

Two observations follow. First, the fixed intervals are fewer than people assume, and the risk based ones are more demanding, because a risk based interval has to be justified by an assessment somebody actually made.

The point a spreadsheet stops coping #

A spreadsheet handles dates well. It fails at four specific things, and the failures arrive in a predictable order as a portfolio grows.

  • It cannot chase

    A task that is overdue looks exactly like a task that is due, unless a person opens the file and looks. The schedule has no way of raising its hand.

  • It does not hold evidence

    The certificate lands in an email, the report in a shared drive, the reading on a paper sheet at the site. The schedule records that the task was done, and the proof lives somewhere else, which is the same failure described in site sheets and sign off.

  • It does not know about competence

    Nothing in a spreadsheet stops a task being ticked by somebody who was not qualified to do it, and nothing in it flags a competence that has expired.

  • It cannot answer the question that actually gets asked

    Nobody asks whether the schedule is up to date. They ask to see the last three examinations for one asset, in a meeting, now. Assembling that from a spreadsheet plus four folders takes long enough that the answer reads as uncertainty.

Where the judgement is #

Runs on rules

  • Generating the schedule from intervals
  • Reminding
  • Chasing
  • Escalating
  • Filing

Needs a competent person

  • Deciding what to do about a failed inspection
  • Deciding whether a risk based interval is still right after a change of use
  • Deciding whether an asset is worth maintaining or replacing
  • Deciding what to tell a client when something has been missed

Those are risk decisions, often urgent, and they belong to a competent person.

The argument for taking the scheduling work off people is that the same person is currently doing both, and the administrative half is what fills their week. It is the same pattern set out in which parts run on rules.

What to check this month #

  1. Pick three assets at random across three sites

    Try to produce, in ten minutes, the last three pieces of evidence for each.

  2. Take the ten most recent completed PPM tasks

    Check whether the schedule records who did them, and whether that person's competence was current.

Most facilities operations pass the first test and fail the second, which tells you the gap is in what the schedule holds rather than in whether the work is being done. The admin time calculator covers the office hours the chasing consumes, and the evidence problem shows up again in the monthly client report, where the same records have to be assembled under time pressure.

Questions people ask

What does a PPM schedule actually have to hold?
Five things per task, not one. The asset and where it is, the interval and where that interval comes from, who is competent to do it, what evidence the completed task produces, and who has to be told if it fails. A date in a calendar holds one of the five.
Which PPM intervals are set by law rather than by preference?
Several. Under LOLER, thorough examination is every 6 months for lifting equipment used to lift people and for lifting accessories, and every 12 months for other lifting equipment, unless a competent person has drawn up an examination scheme. The asbestos management plan must be reviewed every 12 months or sooner if necessary. Others, including electrical equipment maintenance, are risk based rather than fixed.
Is annual PAT testing a legal requirement?
No. HSE is explicit that the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 require electrical equipment that could cause injury to be maintained in a safe condition, but do not mandate inspection or testing on any particular schedule. Frequency should follow the equipment and its environment, so a power tool on site needs more attention than a lamp in an office.
When does a PPM spreadsheet stop coping?
At the point where the schedule needs to know about competence, evidence and escalation rather than just dates. A spreadsheet can tell you a task is due. It cannot tell you whether the person who signed it off was qualified to, or produce the certificate three years later when somebody asks.

Where these numbers come from

  1. HSE, Thorough examinations and inspections of lifting equipment (LOLER) , read 20 September 2026 . 6 months for lifting equipment used to lift people and for lifting accessories, 12 months for other lifting equipment, or per an examination scheme drawn up by a competent person.
  2. HSE, The duty to manage asbestos in buildings , read 20 September 2026 . Keep a record of location and condition, write and implement a management plan, review it every 12 months or sooner if necessary.
  3. HSE, Portable appliance testing: frequently asked questions , read 20 September 2026 . The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 require safe maintenance. There is no legal requirement for annual testing; frequency is risk based.
  4. GOV.UK, Fire safety in the workplace: your responsibilities , read 20 September 2026 . The responsible person may be an employer, owner, landlord, occupier, facilities manager or managing agent, and must carry out and regularly review a fire risk assessment.
  5. HSE, Legionnaires’ disease: the control of legionella bacteria in water systems (ACOP L8, fourth edition, 2013) , read 20 September 2026 . Identify and assess sources of risk, prepare a scheme, implement and monitor precautions, keep records, and appoint a responsible person.
  6. HSE, COSHH: controlling exposure to substances hazardous to health , read 20 September 2026

Last checked 20 September 2026.

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